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Przemysł II ( also given in English and Latin as ''Premyslas'' or ''Premislaus'' or less properly '; 14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296), was the Duke of Poznań from 1257〔Only nominal; he actually took over the government of Poznań in 1273, aged sixteen. A. Swieżawski: ''Przemysł król Polski'', Warsaw 2006, pp. 95-96.〕-1279, of Greater Poland from 1279-1296, of Kraków from 1290-1291,〔Only nominal (without actually reigning in the district) but used the title even in subsequent years, for example, on the occasion of the congress in Kalisz in 1293. ''Codex diplomaticus Maioris Poloniae'', ed. E. Raczynski, Poznań 1840, nr 76; KDW, vol. II, nr 692.〕 and Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomerelia) from 1294-1296, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death. After a long period of Polish High Dukes and two nominal kings, he was the first to obtain the hereditary title of King, and thus to return Poland to the rank of Kingdom. A member of the Greater Poland branch of the House of Piast as the only son of Duke Przemysł I and the Silesian princess Elisabeth, he was born posthumously; for this reason he was brought up at the court of his uncle Bolesław the Pious and received his own district to rule, the Duchy of Poznań, only in 1273. Six years later, after the death of his uncle, he also obtained the Duchy of Kalisz. In the first period of his government, Przemysł II was involved only in regional affairs, first in close collaboration and then competing with the Duke of Wrocław, Henryk IV Probus. This policy caused the rebellion of the prominent Zaremba family and the temporary loss of Wieluń. Working with the Archbishop of Gniezno, Jakub Świnka, he sought the unification of the principalities of the Piast dynasty. Unexpectedly, in 1290, under the will of Henryk IV Probus, he managed to obtain the Duchy of Kraków and with this the title of High Duke of Poland; however, not having sufficient support from the local nobility (who supported another member of the Piast dynasty, Władysław I the Elbow-high) and faced with the increasing threats of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, Przemysł II finally decided to step down from Lesser Poland, which was then under the rule of Přemyslid dynasty. In 1293, thanks to the mediation of Archbishop Jakub Świnka, he joined into a close alliance with the Kuyavian princes Władysław the Elbow-high and Casimir II of Łęczyca. This alliance was anti-Bohemian, and his goal was to recover Kraków, then in the hands of King Wenceslaus II. After the death of Duke Mestwin II in 1294, and according to the Treaty of Kępno signed in 1282, Przemysł II inherited Pomerelia. This strengthened his position and enabled his coronation as King of Poland. The ceremony was held on 26 June 1295 in Gniezno, and was performed by his ally Archbishop Jakub Świnka. Only nine months later, on 8 February 1296, Przemysł II was murdered during a failed kidnapping attempt made by men of the Margraves of Brandenburg, with some help from the Polish noble families of Nałęcz and Zaremba. ==Birth, name and nickname== Przemysł II was the fifth child and only son of Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland and his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Duke Henry II the Pious of Silesia. According to the Chronicle of Greater Poland (pl: ''Kronika wielkopolska''),〔''Kronika wielkopolska'', Warsaw 1965, vol. 119, pp. 260-261.〕 Przemysl II was named after his father, who had died four months before his birth, on 4 June 1257. Form the name of the ruler of Greater Poland in the days of his contemporaries certainly sounded ''Przemysł'' (possibly ''Przemyśl''), who could substantially the same as "clever" or "intelligent". However, due to the fact that the word "Przemysł" (en: ''Industry'') means ''production of a good or service within an economy'' today, it's reasonable to be considered that his name could be a valid form from ''Przemysław'', especially as this version is undoubtedly more medieval (occurs at the beginning of the 14th century).〔Especially if is compared with the analogous case of the name ''Władysław'', who in earlier sources is in the form ''Włodzisław'', possibly ''Włodko''. See K. Jasinski: ''Genealogia Piastów wielkopolskich. Potomstwo Władysława Odonica'', () ''Nasi Piastowie'' (Kronika Miasta Poznania, nr 2/95), Poznań 1995, pp. 39-40.〕 Another name under which the Duke of Greater Poland was probably known, following the indications of the ''Roczniku kołbackim'',〔''Rocznik Kołbacki'': MGH SS, vol. XIX, p. 716.〕 is Peter (pl: ''Piotr''), but Oswald Balzer considered this an obvious mistake.〔O. Balzer: ''Genealogia Piastów'', Kraków 1895, pp. 243-250〕 The only historian who recognized the name Peter as authentic was K. Górski.〔K. Górski: ''Śmierć Przemysła II'', Roczniki Historyczne, vol. V, Poznań 1929, p. 198.〕 No sources about contemporary rulers provided information about a nickname. Only in sources related to the Teutonic Order from 1335 does he have the nickname ''Kynast''.〔K. Jasiński: ''Genealogia Piastów wielkopolskich''. Potomstwo Władysława Odonica, () ''Nasi Piastowie'' (Kronika Miasta Poznania, nr 2/95), Poznań 1995, p. 53.〕 In current historiography he is sometimes nicknamed ''Posthumus'' (pl: ''Pogrobowiec''),〔For example Z. Boras: ''Przemysław II. 700-lecie koronacji'', Międzychód 1995, p. 14〕 but this has not been universally accepted. Przemysl II was born on 14 October 1257 in Poznań. It is known that he was born in the morning, because according to the Chronicle of Greater Poland, when Dowager Duchess Elisabeth gave birth to a son, the vicars and canons of the city were singing morning prayers.〔''Kronika wielkopolska'', Warsaw 1965, vol. 119, pp. 260-261: "''In the same year (ie in 1257) was born the son of Przemysl the Good Duke of Greater Poland, in Poznań, on Sunday morning, the feast of the martyr Saint Callixtus (Pope Callixtus I). And when the canons and vicars of Poznań sang morning prayers at the end of the ninth lesson came and told the news for the birth of a boy. So immediately momentous voice began to sing the Te Deum laudamus - because of the morning the Office, as with joy at the birth of a boy - to praise God that so much grace deigned to comfort the Polish''".〕 At the news of the birth, the local clergy chanted the ''Te Deum laudamus''.〔B. Nowacki: ''Przemysł II, książę wielkopolski, król Polski 1257–1295'', Poznań 1995, p. 43.〕 Shortly after his birth, the prince was baptized by the Bishop of Poznań, Bogufał III of Czerniejewo. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Przemysł II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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